Domestic Political Situation
Since independence in 1947 political development in Pakistan has been turbulent and chaotic, characterized by alternating periods of civilian and military rule and by the struggle between liberal and religious forces. In 2008, following almost 10 years of military backed rule, the country moved back onto the path of democracy with subsequent peaceful, democratic transitions of power in both 2013 and 2018. However, the current government of Pakistan continue to face major challenges including provision of basic services, widespread corruption, ensuring safety and security and human rights especially for women, ethnic and religious minorities and other vulnerable groups.
Pakistan continues to be subject to religious and sectarian violence and attacks. Militant attacks, including terrorist bombings against government institutions, mosques, markets, schools etc. constitute a considerable threat in the country. The security situation in Khyber Pakhtunkwa, FATA and Balochistan is worse compared to the rest of the country.
Foreign Political Situation
Since independence, Pakistan’s foreign policy has been dominated by a tense relationship with India leading to several wars, uncountable skirmishes and a nuclear arms race between the two countries.Today the relationship remains fragile but improvements have taken place under the current government including a military deescalation and truce reestablished on 25 February 2021.
As a consequence of the long and to some extend disputed border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, the political and security developments in Afghanistan holds crucial implications for Pakistan, especially in the border areas.
